Effective Drug Candidates against Global Pandemic of Novel Corona Virus (nCoV-2019): A Probability Check through Computational Approach for Public Health Emergency

The infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started form Wuhan, Chinais a devastating and the incidence rate has increased worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2, various strategies are being tested in China and throughout the world, including drug repurposing. To identify the potent clinical antiretroviral drug candidate against pandemic nCov-19 through computational tools. In this study, we used molecular modelling tool (molecular modelling and molecular dynamics) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on protease proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The result showed that Saquinavir, an antiretroviral medication can be used as a first line agent to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saquinavir showed promising binding to the protease active site compared to other possible antiviral agents such as Nelfinavir and Lopinavir. Structural flexibility is one of the important physical properties that affect protein conformation and function and taking this account we performed molecular dynamics studies. Molecular dynamics studies and free energy calculations suggest that Saquinavir binds better to the COVID-19 protease compared to other known antiretrovirals. Our studies clearly propose repurposing of known protease inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Previously ritonavir and lopinavir were proved an important analogues for SARS and MERS in supressing these viruses. In this study it was found that saquinavir has exhibited good G-score and E-model score compared to other analogues. So saquinavir would be prescribe to cure for nCov-2019 either single drug or maybe in combination with ritonavir.

Nanotechnology and stem cell therapy for combating COVID-19

After the initial occurrence in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of the year 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has wreaked havoc on livelihoods and health worldwide. By the end of June 2021, more than 3 million deaths and a total of more than 179 million positive cases have been registered, and the numbers are steadily climbing (https://covid19.who.int/). The principal life-threatening manifestations of COVID-19 illness are caused by the dysregulated immune system and inflammatory response triggered by a surge of cytokines known as cytokine storm. This makes the lower respiratory tract more susceptible to infection resulting in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome intermittently resulting in the death of the patient. The range of medicinal therapy available to treat COVID-19 is continuously expanding and includes both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs as well as medications approved for emergency use by the FDA. The world has greeted extremely encouraging and long-awaited COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 2,624,733,776 vaccine doses have been globally administered (https://covid19.who.int/) by June 23, 2021. Even though prevention therapy in form of vaccinations is currently accessible to some, logistics and limited supplies will make it months before the entire world gets vaccinated. Even after more than one and a half years of this global threat, there are no specific therapeutics to treat this viral infection with only a few repurposed drugs authorized to treat COVID-19. Hence, multiple treatment strategies to reduce the severity of COVID-19 impact on patients must be explored. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Risk & Hazards of COVID 19 Pandemic on Occupational Professionals

Coronavirus outbreak 2019 causes health-care employees an occupational safety concern. Several thousand health-care workers have been contaminated already. There are various reasons where, various occupational individual expose to the various types of the infections in the surrounding. The infections then have chances to spread in the community via these professionals. World Health Organization therefore has developed some of the Ideal precautionary measures to tackle or overcome this kind of the spreading of such infections. Therefore it is a concern to avoid intra-hospital spread of the communicable disease. Based on the Patient Safety Model Systems Technology Framework, approaches and interventions to protect healthcare workers in an emergency tertiary hospital are defined. In the fields of job activities, technology and equipment, environmental causes of job and organizational conditions. Faced with a possible pandemic, the concept of zero workplace infection remains an ambitious target that all health-care programs must aspire for. Various Technology and Equipment are therefore mandatory to provide to health care individuals, such as, Face mask, Hand gloves, face shield, Personal Protection Kit (PPE), hand sanitizers etc. Also awareness talks from the health care professionals are podcasted in different radio channels, news stations are continuously been published, Also the hospital waste management has primary role to dump out the hospital waste at given professional manner.